Neumonectomía: ¿Cirugía en desuso?

[Pneumonectomy: Surgery in disuse? ]

Rafael Andrade-Alegre1, Alejandra Jiménez1

1. Hospital Santo Tomás, Panamá, Rep. de Panamá.

Publicado: 2024-08-30

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Resumen

Introducción: Las neumonectomías han estado disminuyendo a nivel mundial en los últimos años. Objetivo: Evaluar la situación de las neumonectomías en nuestra institución y analizar los resultados en cuanto a indicación quirúrgica, condición clínica de los pacientes, complicaciones, seguimiento y calidad de vida a largo plazo. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo que comprende las neumonectomías de julio del 2003 a julio de 2024. Los datos demográficos de los pacientes incluyen: edad, sexo, comorbilidades, tabaquismo, indicaciones para la cirugía. Las variables de la neumonectomía son: abordaje quirúrgico, lado de la neumonectomía, tamaño y localización de la tumoración, pérdidas sanguíneas, transfusiones de sangre, líquidos administrados, complicaciones, defunciones, días posoperatorios y seguimiento. Resultados: Fueron 13 los pacientes sometidos a neumonectomía. Nueve pacientes presentaban tumoraciones malignas con una media en su diámetro mayor de 4.02 cm. Los casos benignos presentaban principalmente destrucción pulmonar por secuelas de tuberculosis o por cuerpo extraño. Las complicaciones fueron una intraoperatoria y 2 posoperatorias. No hubo mortalidad. El seguimiento tuvo una media de 75.3 meses. Conclusiones: Hay una tendencia a la disminución de la neumonectomía como lo muestran nuestras estadísticas y los reportes de la literatura. No obstante, la neumonectomía continuará siendo parte del armamentario quirúrgico del cirujano torácico en nuestro medio, hasta que los pacientes puedan ser tratados oportunamente, evitando grandes tumoraciones y/o la destrucción pulmonar. Se requiere de una mejor atención primaria. Nuestros resultados indican que la neumonectomía puede realizarse con bajo porcentaje de complicaciones y los pacientes pueden tener buena calidad de vida a largo plazo.


Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonectomies have been decreasing worldwide in recent years. Objective: To evaluate the situation of pneumonectomies in our institution and to analyze the results in terms of surgical indication, clinical condition of patients, complications, follow-up and long-term quality of life. Materials and methods: retrospective-descriptive study comprising pneumonectomies from July 2003 to July 2024. Patient demographics include: age, sex, comorbidities, smoking, indications for surgery. Pneumonectomy variables are: surgical approach, side of pneumonectomy, tumor size and location, blood loss, blood transfusions, fluids administered, complications, deaths, postoperative days and follow-up. Results: Thirteen patients underwent pneumonectomy. Nine patients had malignant tumors with a mean diameter of 4.02 cm. The benign cases presented mainly pulmonary destruction due to tuberculosis sequelae or foreign body. Complications were one intraoperative and two postoperative. There was no mortality. The mean follow-up was 75.3 months. Conclusions: There is a decreasing trend of pneumonectomy as shown by our statistics and literature reports. Nevertheless, pneumonectomy will continue to be part of the surgical armamentarium of the thoracic surgeon in our environment, until patients can be treated in a timely manner, avoiding large tumors and/or pulmonary destruction. Better primary care is required. Our results indicate that pneumonectomy can be performed with a low percentage of complications and patients can have a good quality of life in the long term.

Citas

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