Características cardiovasculares de pacientes con COVID-19 admitidos en el Hospital Santo Tomás durante la primera ola de casos en Panamá

[Cardiovascular characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to Hospital Santo Tomás during the first wave of cases in Panama]

Jhoel Amores1, Julio Suñiga2, Alexander Romero1, Gabriel Frago1

1. Hospital Santo Tomás, Panamá, Panamá.

Publicado: 2021-12-24

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Resumen

Introducción: Múltiples ensayos clínicos realizados durante la pandemia por COVID-19 han demostrado el mayor compromiso clínico de los pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular conocido. Las complicaciones cardiovasculares durante la hospitalización de estos pacientes consituyen un campo de investigación activa. Objetivo: Determinar las características cardiovasculares de los pacientes con COVID-19 admitidos en el Hospital Santo Tomás durante la primera ola de casos en nuestro país. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo tomando datos de la historia clínica de pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 con prueba PCR confirmatoria admitidos en el Hospital Santo Tomás entre abril y junio del 2020. Resultados: 104 pacientes hospitalizados ingresaron al estudio. Existió predominio el sexo masculino. El 73,1% de los pacientes hospitalizados correspondieron a una edad > 40 años. La principal comorbilidad cardiovascular fue hipertensión arterial. La incidencia de complicaciones cardiovasculares durante hospitalización fue de 25%, siendo la más frecuente la falla cardiaca aguda. Una tercera parte de los pacientes hospitalizados necesitaron manejo en cuidados intensivos. La mortalidad global fue de 54.8%. La mortalidad de causa cardiovascular fue de 14%. De los pacientes con hipertensión arterial, el 40% requirió soporte ventilatorio mecánico invasivo. La mortalidad global de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial fue de 68.9%. Conclusiones: La hipertensión arterial fue la principal comorbilidad cardiovascular en los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19. La complicación cardiovascular más frecuente fue la falla cardiaca aguda. Los pacientes con hipertensión arterial presentaron mayor requerimiento de ventilación mecánica y mayor mortalidad global.


Abstract

Introduction: Multiple clinical trials conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated the increased clinical involvement of patients with known cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular complications during hospitalization of these patients constitute an active field of research. Objective: To determine the cardiovascular characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to Hospital Santo Tomás during the first wave of cases in our country.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out taking data from the clinical history of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with confirmatory PCR test admitted to the Hospital Santo Tomás between April and June 2020. Results: 104 hospitalized patients were admitted to the study. There was a predominance of male sex. Of the hospitalized patients, 73.1% were aged > 40 years. The main cardiovascular comorbidity was arterial hypertension. The incidence of cardiovascular complications during hospitalization was 25%, the most frequent being acute heart failure. One third of the hospitalized patients required intensive care management. Overall mortality was 54.8%. Cardiovascular mortality was 14%. Of the patients with arterial hypertension, 40% required invasive mechanical ventilatory support. The overall mortality of patients with arterial hypertension was 68.9%. Conclusions: Arterial hypertension was the main cardiovascular comorbidity in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The most frequent cardiovascular complication was acute heart failure. Patients with arterial hypertension had a greater need for mechanical ventilation and higher overall mortality.

 

Citas

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