Intervenciones en infecciones del tracto urinario, neumonías, COVID-19 y bacteriemias por programas de uso optimizado de antimicrobianos (PROA): enfoque síndrome específico

[Interventions in urinary tract infections, pneumonias, COVID-19 and bacteremias by optimized antimicrobial use programs (PROA): syndrome-specific approach]

José Anel González Rodriguéz1, Nathan D. Gundacker2, Silvio Vega3

1. Servicio de Infectología, Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid. Panamá, Caja del seguro social; 2. División de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee. Estados Unidos.; 3. Departamento de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid. Panamá, Caja de Seguro Social.

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DOI: 10.37980/im.journal.rmdp.20211756
Publicado: 2021-10-26

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Resumen

Introducción: El uso de los antibióticos ha logrado curar infecciones anteriormente letales. Como profilaxis ha mejorado el pronóstico de pacientes en múltiples escenarios; sin embargo, estos fármacos tienen efectos adversos los cuales pueden ocurrir en 1 de cada 5 pacientes hospitalizados que los reciben, algunos de estos eventos son potencialmente mortales. Los programas de Antimicrobial Stewardship (ASP), conocidos en español como Programas de Uso Optimizado de Antibióticos (PROA), son intervenciones coordinadas, diseñadas para mejorar y medir el uso apropiado de antibióticos, promoviendo la selección del régimen óptimo, incluyendo dosis, duración de la terapia y su ruta de administración. Objetivo: describir el beneficio de las intervenciones síndrome específico en infecciones del tracto urinario, neumonías, bacteriemias y COVID-19, realizadas por programas de uso optimizado de antimicrobianos (PROA). Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed y se seleccionó aquellos artículos donde se realizaron intervenciones que mostraron beneficios clínicos en infecciones del tracto urinario, neumonías, bacteriemias y COVID-19 por parte de programas de uso optimizado de antimicrobianos. Síntesis de los datos: se seleccionaron 18 estudios, de los cuales 3 mostraron intervenciones con beneficios en el tratamiento de Infecciones del tracto urinario, 9 en neumonías, 1 en COVID-19 y 5 en bacteriemias. Conclusión: Las intervenciones síndrome específicas, en Infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU), neumonías COVID-19 y bacteriemias, de los programas de uso optimizado de antibióticos (PROA) se han asociado con disminución de los costos de atención y mejores resultados clínicos.

Abstract

Objective: to describe the benefit of syndrome-specific interventions in urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bacteremia and COVID-19, performed by optimized antimicrobial use programs (PROA). Methodology: we searched PubMed and selected those articles in which interventions showing clinical benefits in urinary tract infections, pneumonia, COVID-19 and bacteremia were performed by optimized antimicrobial use programs (PROA). Data synthesis: 18 studies were selected. 3 of these studies showed beneficial interventions in the treatment of urinary tract infections, 9 in pneumonia, 1 in COVID-19 and 5 in bacteremia. Conclusion: syndrome-specific interventions in urinary tract infections, pneumonia, COVID-19 and bacteremia through optimized antimicrobial use programs have been associated with lower costs of care and better clinical outcomes.

Citas

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