Mutation in 665G intron 2 AND V281L+360 insT of the CYP21A2 gene as a cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is characterized by altered adrenal corticosteroid biosynthesis, leading to variable clinical presentations ranging from mild to life-threatening forms. It is the most common endocrinological disease, with an incidence of 1/10,000 cases per year, the diagnostic approach includes karyotype, electrolytes, levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, progesterone, pelvic ultrasound in girls and confirmation is performed with molecular study, treatment is based mainly on deficient hormone replacement. Clinical case: Male patient with a history of hospitalization in his neonatal stage due to dehydration, failure in the medro, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and macropenis, report of 17-OH progesterone of more than 2000 ng / dl being considered congenital adrenal hyperplasia, initiating treatment with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. Admission at 8 years 6 months with acne, acanthosis nigricans, enlarged testicles, macropenis and advanced bone age, confirmation was made with molecular study that reported variants in 655G of intron 2 (variant that affects the processing of messenger RNA) in his maternal allele, and the double mutation Val281Leu+360 insT (insertion variant that produces a displacement of the reading phase) located in exon 7, in his paternal allele. Conclusion: although it is a low frequency disease, it can generate a great morbimortality at any stage of life, that is why it is important to be aware of the disease in order to suspect it and thus improve the quality and prognosis of the patients who suffer from it.